The Chemical Investigations Programme (CIP) is the UK water industry’s response to current and emerging legislation on trace chemical substances in the water environment.
It brings together the 10 large water and wastewater companies in England and Wales with regulators (Defra, the Environment Agency and Natural Resources Wales) to investigate a range of chemical substances, often contained in many domestic products, that find their way into sewage and biosolids and reach rivers and streams; who or what is responsible for them getting there in the first place; and what can be done to reduce concentrations, if needed. Many of these chemicals – including metals, fire retardants and biocides, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, hormones and personal care products – have the potential to be present in both untreated and treated effluent.
To help to address this challenge, the 10 water and wastewater companies in England and Wales funded a 10+ year programme of work as follows:
Phase | Budget | Timeframe | Outcome |
CIP1 | £25 million | 2010 - 2015 | Determined the sources/pathways of chemicals getting into rivers via Wastewater Treatment Works and characterised treated wastewater in terms of these chemicals. |
CIP2 | £140 million | 2015 - 2020 | 600 Wastewater Treatment Works prioritised for further investigation to better understand the potential scale of the challenge. Also carried out technology trials at Wastewater Treatment Works to determine potential solutions to remove trace chemical substances before treated wastewater is released into rivers. |
CIP3 | £25 million | 2020 - 2022 | Filling remaining gaps in knowledge, particularly around microplastics and understanding anti-microbial resistance in current wastewater treatment processes. |
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