Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a key global health challenge, with a predicted death toll of 10 million annually by 2050. The objective of this report was to clarify existing knowledge related to antimicrobial resistance in wastewater, sewage sludge, drinking water and the environment, and to prioritise actions and further research. A systematic literature search was carried out. AMR in water, wastewater and biosolids presents a potential public health risk, although direct evidence for the quantification of this risk is limited, and studies attempting to quantify this risk should be prioritised. Overall, wastewater treatment results in a substantial reduction of the absolute abundance of resistant bacteria and resistance genes and  studies suggest an increase in relative abundance during treatment for certain resistant bacteria and genes, although there are no clear patterns about which treatment method is most effective at reduction.

CD For Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)